SCIENCE | SUPPLEMENTS
Apigenin is a flavonoid found in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs. It has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Recent studies suggest that apigenin can inhibit CD38, an enzyme involved in NAD+ metabolism and calcium signaling. By inhibiting CD38, apigenin helps preserve NAD+ levels, which benefits cellular metabolism, mitochondrial function, and overall cellular health, with potential therapeutic implications for aging and metabolic disorders.
In recent studies, apigenin has shown significant therapeutic potential in various health areas, particularly in sleep, aging, and inflammation. It inhibits the NAD+-consuming glycoprotein CD38, thereby increasing NAD+ levels, which typically decline with age. In animal models, apigenin improves sleep and longevity by enhancing learning and memory, reducing tumor proliferation, and inducing sedative effects. Additionally, it extends survival in fly models of neurodegenerative diseases and increases lifespan in worms. Human studies indicate that chamomile extract containing apigenin alleviates anxiety, improves mood, and relieves pain. Dietary apigenin intake is also linked to better sleep quality (Front Nutr. 2024).
In osteoarthritis research, CD38 inhibition in mice reduces cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, and pain behavior, suggesting that CD38 inhibition could be a potential therapeutic approach for osteoarthritis treatment (Arthritis Rheumatol. 2023).
Apigenin has also been found to suppress neuroinflammation through CD38 inhibition and NAD+ supplementation, reducing inflammatory responses and preventing neurodegeneration in mice (J Neurochem. 2021).
Furthermore, apigenin reduces renal injuries and down-regulates CD38 expression in diabetic rats. It increases the NAD+/NADH ratio and Sirt3-mediated mitochondrial antioxidative enzyme activity, which helps mitigate diabetic kidney disease (Aging (Albany NY). 2020).
Overall, apigenin demonstrates promising therapeutic potential in influencing aging, sleep, inflammation, and various chronic diseases, warranting further research to fully understand its mechanisms and clinical applications.
PUBLICATIONS
- Apigenin: a natural molecule at the intersection of sleep and aging.
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- Front Nutr. 2024
- Design: Study on the effects of apigenin on sleep and aging in animal models and human clinical studies.
- Summary: NAD+, a pivotal coenzyme central to metabolism, declines with age. Apigenin, a natural flavonoid, inhibits the NAD+-consuming glycoprotein CD38. In animal models, apigenin positively impacts sleep and longevity, improves learning and memory, reduces tumor proliferation, and induces sedative effects. Apigenin elongates survival in fly models of neurodegenerative disease and increases lifespan in worms. Human studies show that chamomile extract containing apigenin alleviates anxiety, improves mood, and relieves pain. Dietary apigenin intake correlates with better sleep quality. Apigenin affects various targets, including GABA and inflammatory pathways.
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- Targeting CD38 to Suppress Osteoarthritis Development and Associated Pain After Joint Injury in Mice.
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- Arthritis Rheumatol. 2023
- Design: Study on the role of CD38 in osteoarthritis development and the effects of apigenin treatment in mice.
- Summary: CD38 plays a role in osteoarthritis (OA) development. Inhibition of CD38 in mice reduces cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, and pain behavior. CD38 deficiency exerts OA disease-modifying effects, making CD38 inhibition a potential therapeutic approach for OA treatment.
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- Inhibition of CD38 and supplementation of nicotinamide riboside ameliorate lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial and astrocytic neuroinflammation by increasing NAD+.
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- J Neurochem. 2021
- Design: Study on the effects of CD38 inhibition and NAD+ supplementation on neuroinflammation in mice.
- Summary: CD38 deletion and inhibition, along with NAD+ supplementation, suppress neuroinflammation in mice. Apigenin and nicotinamide riboside increase NAD+ levels, reduce inflammatory responses, and prevent neurodegeneration. These findings suggest that boosting NAD+ through CD38 inhibition can directly suppress neuroinflammation.
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- CD38 inhibition by apigenin ameliorates mitochondrial oxidative stress through restoration of the intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio and Sirt3 activity in renal tubular cells in diabetic rats.
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- Aging (Albany NY). 2020
- Design: Study on the effects of apigenin on mitochondrial oxidative stress and renal function in diabetic rats.
- Summary: Apigenin reduces renal injuries and down-regulates CD38 expression in diabetic rats. It increases the NAD+/NADH ratio and Sirt3-mediated mitochondrial antioxidative enzyme activity. Apigenin’s inhibition of CD38 and the associated reduction in oxidative stress play crucial roles in mitigating diabetic kidney disease.
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