Recent studies highlight the significant therapeutic potential of glucosamine and chondroitin, particularly in managing osteoarthritis (OA) and reducing cancer risk. A meta-analysis revealed that intake of glucosamine and chondroitin was associated with a lower risk of colorectal and lung cancers, suggesting their anti-inflammatory properties may offer protective effects (Nutr Cancer. 2023). In the context of knee osteoarthritis, the combination of glucosamine and chondroitin has been shown to significantly improve symptoms, including reductions in pain and joint space narrowing, without notable adverse effects (Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2023).

Chondroitin sulfate alone has demonstrated a moderate benefit for pain relief and functional improvement in knee OA patients, though inconsistencies exist among trial results. Pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate showed the greatest benefits (Adv Ther. 2019). Furthermore, long-term use of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate has been found to delay radiological progression of knee OA, with glucosamine showing a protective effect after three years and chondroitin after two years (Rheumatol Int. 2010). Overall, these findings support the efficacy and safety of glucosamine and chondroitin as viable options for OA management and potential cancer prevention.